Iaq refers to the quality of the air inside buildings as represented by concentrations of pollutants and thermal conditions that affect the health and. Nptel civil engineering environmental air pollution. Radon an odorless, colorless radioactive gas that comes from the natural breakdown of uranium. Air pollution may be defined as the presence of any solid, liquid or gaseous substance including noise and radioactive radiation in the atmosphere in such concentration that may be directly andor indirectly injurious to humans or other living organisms, property or interferes with the normal environmental processes an everincreasing use of fossil fuels in power plants, industries. Strategy for sampling chemical substances in indoor air. But improving indoor air quality isnt just about keeping contaminants out of your indoor air, its also about maintaining a healthy air flow and getting toxins out when need be. Today, indoor air pollution caused by burning of traditional solid fuels such as woodfuel, agricultural residues, and dried animal dung in unvented cookstoves in rural areas of. Indoor air pollutants examples physicians for social. This activity demonstrates how visible and invisible pollutants can spread through the. Air pollutants are airborne particles and gases that occur. This is because contained areas enable potential pollutants to build up more than open spaces. Civil engineering environmental air pollution nptel. Almost all living organisms rely on the gases found in the earths atmosphere, even those dwelling in the deepest oceans.
Indoor air pollution control, lewis publisher, inc. In addition, outdoor sources may contribute to indoor air pollution. Volume ii addressed more advanced topics, such as lagrangian modeling, chemical transformations in. Nptel syllabus environmental chemistry web course course outline environmental chemistry. Feb 18, 2008 lecture series on environmental air pollution by prof. Indoor air pollution from solid fuel use and urban outdoor air pollution are estimated. Presented early in the book is theory as support for the applications that follow. Environmental protection agency epa studies of human exposure to air pollution indicate that indoor levels of pollutants may be 25 times, and occasionally more than 100 times, higher than outdoor levels. Indoor air pollution is when pollutants contaminate air indoors and is a very dangerous problem, claiming more than 2 million lives each year. Most indoor air pollutants consist of chemicals released, for example, by the use of cleaning products, air fresheners, pesticides and emissions from furniture and construction materials, heating and cooking. The concentrations of indoor pollutants are affected by the structure of buildings, the ventilation, the indoor generation of contaminants, and the intrusion from outside. Choosing natural, lowtoxin options that have as little scent as possible is therefore important for air pollution prevention. Addressing the impact of household energy and indoor air pollution. Definition of outdoor air pollution outdoor air pollution.
Environmental air pollution introduction to atmosphere. Indoor air pollution is ubiquitous, and takes many forms, ranging from smoke emitted from solid fuel combustion, especially in households in developing countries, to complex mixtures of volatile. Air pollution and its control measures sameer kumar1 and dhruv katoria2 department of environment engineering, delhi technological university d. Report to congress on indoor air quality, volume ii. Environmental tobacco smoke ets is composed of more than 3,800 different chemical compounds. Kinetics of air pollution and combustion processes. Therefore, no, ozone at this concentration level is not of. In order to control environmental pollution, the government of india has passed the environment protection act, 1986 bhopal disaster to protect and improve the quality of our air, water and soil. Indoor air pollution is the degradation of indoor air quality by harmful chemicals and other materials.
Therefore, pollution of the atmosphere has profound and farreaching global impacts. If actual air fuel mixture has less air than what the stoichiometric ratio indicates, the mixture is said to be. Introduction although pollutant concentrations vary significantly from building to building, the levels of some common air pollutants often are greater indoors than outdoors. Concept of air pollution control engineering control 1 control at the source of emission 2 control for receptors e. It has been found that indoor concentration of toxic pollutants are often higher than outdoors.
Environmental air pollution civil engineering digimat. Published by the arab school for science and technology asst. Environmental air pollution nptel online videos, courses. Env100outdoor and indoor air pollution lecture notes. Therefore, no, ozone at this concentration level is not of concern in terms of air pollution see note below. Air pollution may be defined as the presence of any solid, liquid or gaseous substance including noise and radioactive radiation in the atmosphere in such concentration that may be directly and indirectly injurious to humans or other living organisms, plants, property or interferes with the normal environmental processes. The next two weeks detail the environmental, economic and health impacts of this pollution. Statistics suggest that in developing countries, health impacts of indoor air. For environmental health science students air pollution mengesha admassu, mamo wubeshet university of gondar in collaboration with the ethiopia public health training initiative, the carter center, the ethiopia ministry of health, and the ethiopia ministry of education august 2006. Pdf causes, consequences and control of air pollution. Indoor air pollution is the term used to describe the amount of contaminants in the air inside a building from sources such as cigarette smoking, fuel combustion for heating or cooking, certain wallboards, carpets, or insulation as well as the geology of the area radon in soil or rocks beneath the structure. Guideline for the characterization of volatile organic compounds emitted from indoor materials and products using small test chambers. Outdoor air pollution was responsible for 6,20,000 deaths in 2010.
Indoor air quality iaq refers to the air quality within and around buildings and structures, especially as it relates to the health and comfort of building occupants. Carbon monoxide an odorless, colorless gas produced by appliances or heaters that burn natural gas, oil, wood, propane, or kerosene. Risk assessment of exposure to asbestos emissions from handheld air dryers. Environmental protection agency, office of air and radiation. Considering air to be made up of only o 2 and n 2, the air fuel ratio needed for complete oxidation of gasoline. Download this is an all new book designed to provide you the practical information and data you need for indoor air pollution control. Indoor air pollution by formaldehyde in european countries. The resulting indoor air pollution iap is a major threat to health, particularly for women and young children, who may spend many hours close to the fire. Pdf sewage waste disposal and air pollution engineering. Pdf indoor air pollution control download ebook for free. Also introduced are a brief history of air pollution. Sewage disposal and air pollution engineering volume 2 explains to the reader in detail the techniques related to the treatment of wastewater with reference to water pollution. It also discusses the disposal of solid wastes including hazardous radioactive and biomedical wastes covering the topic of land pollution.
Environmental protection agency sets and enforces air quality standards only for ambient air. May 27, 20 effects of indoor air pollution on health. This definition implicitly acknowledges that some substances that are considered to be air pollutants are present naturally. Indoor air pollution has occurred since prehistoric times when people moved to live indoors and fire was brought into closed shelters for cooking and space heating 1. Gas stoves or badly installed woodburning units with. Abstract air pollution are basically the foreign material in the aircan be manmade or occur naturally, and are concentrated where people are concentrated. Indoor air quality is influenced by concentrations of outdoor air pollutants, indoor sources of pollution, characteristics of the building and the habits of the residents. Today, indoor air pollution caused by burning of traditional solid fuels such as woodfuel, agricultural residues, and dried animal dung in unvented cookstoves in rural areas of developing countries is not much different.
Leaked indu strial vapours from the union carbide factor y, b. This 3week course shares the basics of air pollution and its effects. Epa studies indicate that the levels of many air pollutants may be two to five times higher in indoor air than outdoor air. Mar 12, 20 indoor air quality is influenced by concentrations of outdoor air pollutants, indoor sources of pollution, characteristics of the building and the habits of the residents. Gas stoves or badly installed woodburning units with poor ventilation and maintenance can increase the indoor levels of carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and particles. Lecture series on environmental air pollution by prof.
During the first week, you will discover the major causes of outdoor and indoor air pollution. Mukesh sharma department of civil engineering iit kanpur. Download sewage waste disposal and air pollution engineering by santosh kumar garg environmental engineering vol. Definitions and classifications used in the study of air pollution are introduced. To make the students aware of history of air pollution. Pdf sewage waste disposal and air pollution engineering by. It is often that definition of indoor air pollution is extended to include. Health consequences of indoor air pollution indoor air quality control measures synopsis of the lesson. Sewage disposal and air pollution engineering volume 2 provides the reader with details on the treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater and the description of various air pollutants and the many technologies that are used in. Introduction to indoor air quality indoor air quality iaq. Lecture infectious disease transmission and applicationsstandards april 23. Impacts of air pollution on human health, ecosystems and. The most affected groups are women and younger children, as they spend maximum time at home. Jun 05, 2015 identify possible sources of indoor air pollution.
Emission from fugitive sources and sulfuric acid production. In some cases, indoor air pollutants may even be 100 times higher than outdoors. The illeffects of indoor air pollution result in about 2 million premature deaths per year, wherein 44% are due to pneumonia, 54% from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd, and 2% from lung cancer. Furthermore, the reliance on solid fuels and inefficient stoves has other, farreaching consequences for health, the environment, and economic development. Indoor air pollution may arise from the use of open fires, unsafe fuels or combustion of biomass fuels, coal and kerosene. Sources and health impacts pollutants from natural sources pollutant major sources in the home possible health impacts radon colorless, tasteless, and odorless gas that comes from the radioactive decay of uranium or radium. Various indoor pollutants affect health in different ways. The worst short term civilian pollution crisis in india was the 1984 bhopal disaster. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Indoor air pollution can pose a serious health threat.
Su resources, conservation and recycling 16 1996 7791 91 19 hellenbeck, w. Chapter 3 describes in detail the pdf approach of turbulence, while. We conclude with a discussion on what is known regarding the effectiveness of popular strategies to combat indoor air pollution in developing countries. Analysis and abatement of air pollution involve a variety of technical disciplines. Understanding and controlling common pollutants indoors can help reduce your risk of indoor health concerns. Mukesh sharma, department of civil engineering iit kanpur. Air pollution is among the leading causes of death in india the global burden of disease report has ranked outdoor air pollution as the fifth leading cause of death in india and indoor air pollution as the third leading cause. Air pollution causes, effects and control measures air pollution air pollution may be defined as the presence of one or more contaminants like dust, mist, smoke and colour in the atmosphere that are injurious human beings, plants and animals.
Since most people spend more time indoors than out. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. Air pollution may be defined as the presence of one or more contaminants in the air in. An introduction to air pollution definitions, classifications, and history. For environmental health science students air pollution mengesha admassu, mamo wubeshet university of gondar. Environmental air pollution environmental air pollution. Indoor air pollution can come from many places, including open fires and heaters, building materials and furniture, cleaning products and cooling systems, and.
This lesson contains six activities that use a variety of instructional strategies and is focused around the organizing question of why study indoor air pollution. Air pollution, noise pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, thermal pollution and radiation pollution. Air pollution causes damage to human health, crops, ecosystems and cultural heritage the scientific data presented in this brochure have been collated by the working group on effects to support the revision of the 1999 protocol to abate acidification, eutrophication and. Apr 27, 2019 pollution may be of the following types. Assessment and control of indoor air pollution, pp.
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