The medicinal potential of calotropis procera has been known to traditional system of medicine. Calotropis procera, calotropis gigantea, traditional knowledge, ethnobotany. Shahzaib, abdullah khan, arif waqar zaif, wasim ahmed department of biotechnology, university of science and technology bannu, khyber pakhtunkhwa pakistan key words. Pdf invitro studies on calotropis procera leaf extracts as. Identification of a novel calotropis procera protein that can. Comparison of intensity and percolation of traditional knowledge of. See more ideas about plants, plant leaves and garden. Calotropis procera can best be distinguished from calotropis gigantea by the length of the staminal corona, which is up to 5 mm in calotropis procera and up to 11 mm in calotropis gigantea. Antifungal, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of calotropis procera mushtaq ahmed, rehmat ali khan, s. Calotropis procera improves soils nutrients and improves moisture binding, an important property in some of the more arid croplands of india. Plant details information about calotropis procera plant. Calotropis procera has alkaloids concentration is 10. The leaves are sessile and subsessile, opposite, ovate, cordate at the base. Calotropis procera are widely used traditional medicinal plant to treat various ailments.
The pungent latex extracted from the leaves and flowers of calotropis procera is processed and used in the commercial preparation of eye tonics. Calotropis procera becomes highly pubescent in the young fruit, but scabrous in the mature fruit. Since plants have been a major source of bioactive compounds for drug. Hptlcfingerprinting profile of calotropis procera leaves. Calotropis gigantea arka uses, dose, side effects, ayurveda. Study on antibacterial activity of calotropis procera. The stem is source of strong and durable fibre used in making ropes, bow strings, fishing nets, paper, pulp, etc. Fungal pathogens of calotropis procera rubber bush, with two new records from brazil.
The board of trustees of the royal botanic gardens, kew. The plant is used in the treatment of many disease and disorder both in humans and veterinary application. The ph changes with temperature were studied in calotropis gigantia species as given below. The calotropis procera latex had an acidic nature with ph of 4. The milky juice of calotropis procera was used against arthritis, cancer, and as an antidote for snake bite.
Calotropis procera is a flowering plant in the family apocynaceae geneianales. Different parts of leaves, roots, flowers and latex from this plant are used in several ayurvedic systems of medicinal preparations. Often, its another variety calotropois procera is also used in the same name. The plant calotropis procera leaf was collected in february 2012 at agboroko. Other articles where calotropis procera is discussed. The phytochemical investigation of calotropis procera revealed the presence of cardenolides, flavonoids, and saponins. In ancient ayurvedic medicine the plant calotropis procera linn.
The present work was undertaken to investigate the antidiarrhoeal activity of ethanolic extract of root 200 mgkg bw of calotropis procera. However, analysis has shown that fibre produced from its mature fruit may also be suitable for the manufacture of textiles, hence has potential to be developed as a cash crop for industrial use. Calotropis procera, endophytic fungi, colonisation frequency, green synthesised agnps, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Calotropis procera, medicinal uses, human ailments, sanwer. Calotropis procera is a fibreproducing shrub that grows in africas drylands. These two species can be distinguished by the following differences. It is native to north africa, central africa, western asia, south asia, and indochina. Hepatoprotective effects of calotropis procera are also use as analgesic to give relive 10 gml from pain. Widely it is used medicinally, to treat boils, infected wounds and other skin problems in people. Calotropis plant has also been investigated for the presence of cardenolides14 and anthocyanins15. Ocular toxicity by latex of calotropis procera sodom apple.
The quantitative analysis shows the concentration which is present in different plant species. Provided by ars systematic botany and mycology laboratory. The beginning of civilization, human beings have worshiped plants and such plants are conserved as a genetic resource and used as food, fodder, fibre, fertilizer, fuel, febrifuge and in every. Calotropis procera is an evergreen shrub growing to 4 m ft by 4 m ft at a medium rate. Calotropis gigantea grows to a height of 8 to 10 ft 2. Calotropis procera is a species of flowering plant in the dogbane family, apocynaceae, that is native to north africa, tropical africa, western asia, south asia, and indochina. Of calotropis procera an overview ali esmail alsnafi department of pharmacology, college of medicine, thi qar university, nasiriyah, p o box 42, iraq. Calotropis procera, the quantitative estimation of leaf constants, ash values, and fluorescence, and preliminary phytochemical screening of the stem powder would be of considerable use in the identification of this drug. Extraction of plant latex is a complex emulsion of polymer micro particles in an aqueous medium.
It is known to provide key resources in degraded ecosystems to about 80 animal species. Pdf dehydrogenases and isocitrate lyase activity during. The behaviour of the enzyme depended upon the presence or absence of exogenous substrate. They have been chosen as highlights of a particular topic, but do not represent the full range of images that are available on commons. The mesocarp which develops form the mesodermis is distinguished into outer, middle and inner zones. Ayurvedic uses and pharmacological activities of calotropis procera linn.
Lar and lwr reached a maximum during the seedling phase and thereafter consistently declined. This plant has been advocated to cure varieties of diseases. Calotropis procera wikipedia, a enciclopedia livre. Apple of sodom calotropis procera is a species of plant. Calotropis gigantea crown flower is a species of calotropis the giant milkweed, calotropis procera, is native to the old world from the arabian peninsula to west, north and east africa, also from southern asia to malaysia. Calotropis gigantea called swetarka and calotropis procera. Pdf the side effects associated with the usage of synthetic antidiabetic drugs. Studies on endophytic fungi of calotropis procera l. Cysteine protease profiles of the medicinal plant calotropis procera. Population ecology and economic importance of calotropis. It is native to north africa, tropical africa, western asia, south asia, and indochina.
Users of agricultural chemical products must always strictly comply with the directions on the label and the conditions of any permit. Antifertility activity the effect of an ethanolic extract of the roots of calotropis procera has been studied in albino rats to explore its antifertility and hormonal activities. The fivepetalled waxy flowers are white with purple tips inside and have a central purplish crown. The green globes are hollow but the flesh contains a toxic milky sap that is. When using any agricultural chemicals please ensure that you always follow instructions on the label and any permit. Wikimedia commons has media related to calotropis procera. Aiton is a spreading shrub or mediumsized tree reaching 2. The analgesic activity of the crude extract and the fitoterapia, 636. This study indicated the presence of about 22 compounds from. Calotropis procera in world checklist of selected plant families. Calotropis procera is also reported widely in various folklore preperations and ethnomedicines. When fully established, it is droughtresistant and salttolerant. Calotropis procera, asclepiadaceae, roots, procerursenyl acetate, proceranol calotropis procera r. Calotropis gigantea maycock, 1830 calotropis gigantea var.
Br asclepidiaceae, commonly known as swallow wart or milk weed, is a glabrous or hairy laticiferous shrub or small tree, found in tropical and subtropical asia and africa 15. Pharmacognostic standardization of leaves of calotropis. There are many reports on the geographical distribution, habitat, and morphological characters of the plant. However, these reports are of folk uses and more research is needed to confirm. Its flowers are slightly cupshaped in appearance and their relatively short and broad petals are whitish with purple tips. The plant is tolerant of dry and salty conditions and can easily be established in over cultivated areas to help improve the soil conditions and reinvigorate the land. Identification of a novel calotropis procera protein that. The green fruits contain a toxic milky sap that is extremely bitter and turns into a gluey coating which is resistant to soap. Calotropis a medicinal plant of family asclepiadaceae has been utilized in ayurveda, unani, siddha and many other traditional systems to cure diseases. It is widely used in many ayurvedic treatments, both externally ksharasutra and internally. The fivepetalled waxy flowers are white with purple tips inside and have a. Biological morphology and ethanopharmocological importance. Study on antibacterial activity of calotropis procera peerj.
Media in category calotropis procera the following 200 files are in this category, out of 221 total. This article describes the nature of the plant with links to requirements land ownersoccupiers must adhere to and pest control methods. Strong antiimplantation in hibition 100 % and uterotropic activity was observed at a dose of 250 mg. This shrub is known to possess wide range of pharmacological activity. Li calotropis hamiltonii wight calotropis heterophylla wall. The large, green, inflated fruit is rounded at the base and. Isocitrate lyase icl activity is described in the quiescent and germinating pollen ofcalotropis procera. The latex of calotropis gigantea contains 1 resinols as esters of steamvolatile fatty acids acetic and isovaleric, 2 cardiac poisons similar to usharin and 3 calcium oxalate. Invitro studies on calotropis procera leaf extracts as inhibitors of. The calotropis gigantia latex had a completely b asic nature with a ph of 7. Calotropis procera commonly known as aak is used in many ayurvedic formulations like arkelavana.
Comparative study of plant extracts crude and aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic with antibiotics, provide evidence that calotropis procera extracts has the similar antibacterial activity as these antibiotics against test pathogens i. It has been widely naturalized elsewhere including australia, hawaii, california, and the caribbean and from mexico to. Extraction and phytochemical investigation of calotropis. The green globes are hollow but the flesh contains a toxic milky sap that is extremely bitter and turns into a gluey coating which is resistant to soap. Calotropis procera is small, erect shrub, which is used in several herbal and empirical medicines to cure simple and deadly diseases and disorders. It can be concluded from this study that the calotropis procera extracts could serve. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of calotropis gigantea root, latex extracts. Its flowers are purple and white and the plant juice is poisonous. It is commonly known as apple of sodom, a name derived from the hebrew tapuah sdom. The extractions from latex are quit tricky in context with preparation of latex for the extraction purpose. It is a very common herb seen widely throughout india. Calotrope calotropis procera is very similar to giant calotrope calotropis gigantea. Arka calotropis procera an important drug of ayurveda is known in this country from the earliest time. The single layered epicarp develops from the outer epidermis of the ovary wall.
The latex from this plant has various therapeutic uses, including as. Calotropis procera, latex, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal. It has a deep taproot, 34 m deep, and a secondary root system with woody lateral roots that may rapidly regenerate adventitious shoots when the plant is injured. Seed dispersal and population growth of the weed calotropis procera in northern australia 62. Calotropis procera flowers and fruits throughout the year. Calotropis procera auricula tree, dead sea apple, sodom apple. Auricula tree or calotropis procera is an erect, flowering shrub that grows up to 25 m tall. Transcriptomic and metabolic responses of calotropis. The plant contains alkaloids, sterols, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, triterpenoids and usharin 4. Calotropis procera in a transgenic mouse m odel of.
Calotropis procera is a species of flowering plant in the family apocynaceae that is native to north africa, tropical africa, western asia, south asia, and indochina. Aiton this is a gallery page containing specially selected images. Abstract the present investigation was designed to assess the phytochemical profile of calotropis procera family. It it has a deep taproot, 34 m deep, and a secondary root system with woody lateral roots that may rapidly regenerate adventitious. Asclepiadaceae has been known to the traditional systems of medicine and plant known as madar in unani medicinal system. The effects of ethanol, nbutanol, and ethyl acetate etoac extracts were each evaluated on isolated toad heart and their mechanisms of action determined. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of the whole. Growth is rapid during the wet months but slows down during the dry season. Phytochemical investigation of different plant parts of calotropis procera a. Calotropis gigantea called swetarka and calotropis procera called raktarka. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Calotropis has alternating peaks of rise and fall in nar with time until the.
Small trees or shrubs, these two species are native to southern asia and africa and were introduced to south america and the islands of the caribbean, where they have naturalized. Introduction the demand for new bioactive compounds used in medicine, industry and agriculture has increased in recent times. The present study is based on comparative chemical profiling of c. Calotropis procera produces various chemicals that are useful for various activities 2,3. Gujarat forestry research foundation, indroda park, ayurvedic udyan, sarita udyan, van chetana kendra, infocity, basan about calotropis procera plant. The decreasing value of lar was due to greater contribution to stem and root dry matter to the total dry matter. Abstract calotropis procera contained many biological active chemical groups including, cardenolides, steroids, tannins, glycosides, phenols, terpenoids, sugars, flavonoids, alkaloids and. Two pills are taken twice daily for 3 days to cure malaria 57. Asclepidaceae is a shrub which widely distribute in the world. Antifungal, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of.
The herbal medicines occupy distinct position right from the primitive. It can be concluded from this study that the calotropis procera extracts. Phytochemical investigation of calotropis procera ait roots. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of. It is one of the important medicinal plants that is being used since years to treat many ailments. Calotropis gigantea, the crown flower, is a species of calotropis native to cambodia, indonesia. The calotropis gigantia latex had a completely b asic. Traditionally, the plant is used for medicinal purposes and for fuel wood. A plant breeding system is the strategy or combination of strategies a plant uses in the reproductive. Calotropis calotropis procera is a declared pest in western australia wa.
Calotropis procera is regarded as useful medicinal plant and used in folk medicine. Some of their medicinal uses have been reported and. The resinol portion consists mainly of two new alcohols. Calotropis mudari hamilton calotropis persica gandoger calotropis procera aiton dryand. Phytochemical investigation of different plant parts of. Phytochemical investigation on stem of calotropis procera. Calotropis procera auricula tree, dead sea apple, sodom. The plant contains a milky sap consisting of a complex mix of chemicals including cardiac aglycones belonging to the same chemical family as therapeutic chemicals. Phytochemical and pharmacological studies of the whole plant. Antifungal activity of leaf and latex extracts of calotropis procera ait.
Calotropis procera is a well known plant and has been traditionally used for diarrhoea, stomatic, sinus fistula, and skin disease,2,3 and the leaf part is used to treat jaundice. It has been naturalized in puerto rico, the united states virgin islands, hawaii, and southern california. It is mentioned by the earliest hindu writers and the ancient name of the plant which occurs in the vedic literature was arka alluding to the form of leaves, which was used in the sacrifical rites. Preliminary studies on the antiinflammatory and analgesic activities of calotropis procera root extract. Calotropis procera achieved by having leaves with low sla. A new simple high performance thin layer chromatography densitometry method was developed for the separation of active constituents in calotropis procera. Comparative gcms analysis of bioactive compounds in. Calotropis procera simple english wikipedia, the free. Shrivastava, suchita singh, sanchita singh department of botany and biotechnology govt.
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